Comments and Essays regarding Ancient Texts

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Wednesday, February 7, 2018

Ebla/Mari/Akkad






Ebla (Arabic: إبلا‎, modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh), was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.

Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Arabic: تل حريري‎),

Akkad was a major empire in ancient Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BCE. The area covered by the kingdom is now located in the region of present-day Iraq, eastern Turkey and northern Syria. Exact location of city is unknown.

City
Founded
c. 3500 BC
c. 2900 BC

Abandoned
7th century AD
3rd century BC

Cultures

Excavation dates
1964–2011; Public access
Public access

Archaeologists

Condition
Ruined
Ruined

Kingdoms
1st , 2nd, 3rd
2nd, 3rd

Capital
Ebla
Mari

Languages
Eblaite, Eblaite, Amorite
Religion
Mesopotamian; Levantine
Established
c. 3000, 2300, 2000
c. 2500,  2266
c. 2334
Disestablished
c. 2300, 2000, 1600
c. 2290,  1761
c. 2154






·         Semitic
o    Central Semitic
·         Amorite
·         Semitic
o    East Semitic
·         Eblaite

Native to/Region
ancient Mesopotamia, by the Amorites

Extinct/Era
2nd millennium BC
3rd millennium





𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑
akkadû
·         Semitic
o    East Semitic
§  Akkadian

Native to/ Region

Era
Mid-3rd mille. - 8th cent.; acad. / lit. use until 100 AD
Official lang. in (init. Akkad (cen.Mesopotamia); lingua franca of the Middle East and Egypt in the l. Bronze and e. Iron Ages.




Sumerian
eme-g̃ir, eme-gi


Native to


Region
Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)


Era
Attested from c. 3000 BC. Effectively extinct from about 2000–1800 BC; used as classical language until about 100 AD.






  

 
Sources: Wikipedia (hyperlinks)

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